World Map › Europe › Spain
Country
Map of Spain
Europe · Madrid
Spain spans the Eurasian and African plates. It has 8 volcanoes active over the last 10,000 years, 3 of which have erupted since 1900. Since 1900, 9 major earthquakes have been recorded, causing at least 23 deaths. Its natural and humanitarian risk index (INFORM) is 2.5 out of 10, a low level.
- Capital
- Madrid
- Population
- 48,592,909
- Area
- 505,990 km²
- Continent
- Europe
Tectonic Plates
Natural Hazards
INFORM index by the European Commission, from 0 (very low) to 10 (very high), for each type of hazard.
People Exposed Each Year
- 16,851to strong shaking (intensity VI and above)
- 26to tsunamis
- 155,319to river floods
- 10,017to coastal floods
Risk Index Over Time
Hazard Levels
Hazard level assessed by ThinkHazard! (World Bank, GFDRR), meaning the likelihood of a damaging event, from very low to high.
- River FloodHigh
- Urban FloodHigh
- Coastal FloodHigh
- LandslideHigh
- VolcanoHigh
- WildfireHigh
- EarthquakeMedium
- TsunamiMedium
- Water ScarcityMedium
- Extreme HeatMedium
Volcanoes (8)
Volcanoes active over the last 10,000 years; year of the last known eruption.
- La Palma 2021
- Hierro 2012
- Tenerife 1909
- Lanzarote 1824
- Gran Canaria 40
- Calatrava Volcanic Field 3,600 BCE
- Olot Volcanic Field ?
- Fuerteventura ?
Major Earthquakes Since 1900
Earthquakes that caused deaths or significant damage, or of magnitude 7.5 and above (NOAA).
Deadliest
Tsunamis
9 major tsunamis have reached Spain since 1900. The deadliest and highest are listed below.
- 2006Tsunami (Spain) · 5.0 m
- 2003Tsunami (Algeria) · 3.0 m
- 1980Tsunami (Algeria) · 0.7 m
- 1969Tsunami (Portugal) · 0.5 m
- 1954Tsunami (Algeria) · 0.3 m
- 2022Tsunami (Tonga) · 0.2 m
- 2003Tsunami (Algeria) · 0.1 m
- 2016Tsunami (Morocco)
Tropical Cyclones
4 major tropical cyclones have made landfall in Spain since 1950. The deadliest and most powerful are listed below.
- 2025Hurricane Gabrielle · 65 km/h
- 1992Hurricane Frances · 56 km/h
- 2005Hurricane Vince · 56 km/h
- 1987Hurricane Arlene · 28 km/h
Sources : Natural Earth · Wikidata · INFORM Risk Index (1 September 2026 v 0.7.3), Commission européenne, CC BY 4.0 · NOAA NCEI · ThinkHazard!, GFDRR, CC BY · Bird (2003), PB2002 · Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institution