World Map › North America › Canada
Country
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Map of Canada
North America · Ottawa
Canada lies on the North American Plate. It has 24 volcanoes active over the last 10,000 years, 0 of which have erupted since 1900. Since 1900, 16 major earthquakes have been recorded, causing at least 32 deaths. Its natural and humanitarian risk index (INFORM) is 2.6 out of 10, a low level.
- Capital
- Ottawa
- Population
- 36,991,981
- Area
- 9,984,670 km²
- Continent
- North America
Tectonic Plates
Natural Hazards
INFORM index by the European Commission, from 0 (very low) to 10 (very high), for each type of hazard.
People Exposed Each Year
- 24,505to strong shaking (intensity VI and above)
- 1,206to destructive shaking (intensity VIII and above)
- 65to tsunamis
- 44,467to hurricane-force winds (category 1 and above)
- 247,278to river floods
- 14,326to coastal floods
Risk Index Over Time
Hazard Levels
Hazard level assessed by ThinkHazard! (World Bank, GFDRR), meaning the likelihood of a damaging event, from very low to high.
- River FloodHigh
- Urban FloodHigh
- Coastal FloodHigh
- EarthquakeHigh
- LandslideHigh
- TsunamiHigh
- VolcanoHigh
- CycloneHigh
- WildfireHigh
- Extreme HeatMedium
- Water ScarcityVery Low
Volcanoes (24)
Volcanoes active over the last 10,000 years; year of the last known eruption.
- Iskut-Unuk River Cones 1800
- Tseax River Cone 1690
- Wells Gray-Clearwater 1550
- Edziza 950
- Mount Meager 410 BCE
- Cobb Segment 1,180 BCE
- Endeavour Segment 3,490 BCE
- Nazko 5,220 BCE
- Hoodoo Mountain 7,050 BCE
- Mount Garibaldi 8,060 BCE
- Fort Selkirk ?
- Alligator Lake ?
- Atlin Volcanic Field ?
- Tuya volcanic field ?
- Heart Peaks ?
- Level Mountain ?
- Spectrum Range ?
- Crow Lagoon ?
- Milbanke Sound Group ?
- Mount Silverthrone ?
- Bridge River Cones ?
- Garibaldi Lake ?
- Mount Cayley volcanic field ?
- West Valley Segment ?
Major Earthquakes Since 1900
Earthquakes that caused deaths or significant damage, or of magnitude 7.5 and above (NOAA).
Deadliest
- 1929Grand Banks · M 7.228 deaths
- 1988Quebec: Saguenay, Quebec City · M 5.82 deaths
- 1946British Columbia · M 7.31 deaths
- 2012Queen Charlotte Islands · M 7.71 deaths
Tsunamis
51 major tsunamis have reached Canada since 1900, killing 71 people in the country. The deadliest and highest are listed below.
- 1929Tsunami (Canada) · 13.0 m28 deaths
- 1908Tsunami (Canada) · 15.0 m26 deaths
- 1917Tsunami (Canada) · 7.0 m16 deaths
- 1963Tsunami (Canada) · 5.5 m1 deaths
- 2007Tsunami (Canada) · 38.0 m
- 2012Tsunami (Canada) · 13.0 m
- 1964Tsunami (United States of America) · 9.8 m
- 1946Tsunami (Canada) · 9.0 m
Tropical Cyclones
81 major tropical cyclones have made landfall in Canada since 1950. The deadliest and most powerful are listed below.
- 2008Hurricane Ike · 93 km/h195 deaths
- 2019Hurricane Dorian · 148 km/h84 deaths
- 1995Hurricane Opal · 70 km/h63 deaths
- 2011Hurricane Irene · 80 km/h56 deaths
- 2010Hurricane Earl · 120 km/h8 deaths
- 2009Hurricane Bill · 111 km/h2 deaths
- 2005Tropical Storm Arlene · 37 km/h1 deaths
- 1963Hurricane Ginny · 167 km/h
- 2022Hurricane Fiona · 150 km/h
- 1955Hurricane Ione · 139 km/h
Sources : Natural Earth · Wikidata · INFORM Risk Index (1 September 2026 v 0.7.3), Commission européenne, CC BY 4.0 · NOAA NCEI · ThinkHazard!, GFDRR, CC BY · Bird (2003), PB2002 · Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institution