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Country
Map of Russia
Europe · Moscow
Russia spans the Eurasian, North American, Okhotsk and Amur plates. It has 104 volcanoes active over the last 10,000 years, 37 of which have erupted since 1900. Since 1900, 128 major earthquakes have been recorded, causing at least 12,098 deaths. Its exposure to natural hazards is 5.1 out of 10 (INFORM index), a high level. Its overall risk index, which accounts for its ability to cope, is 3.8 out of 10.
- Capital
- Moscow
- Population
- 146,119,928
- Area
- 17,075,400 km²
- Continent
- Europe
Tectonic Plates
Natural Hazards
Exposure to natural hazards according to the European Commission's INFORM index, from 0 (very low) to 10 (very high), overall and for each type of hazard.
Overall Risk Index
This overall score combines hazard exposure with the vulnerability of the population (2.2 out of 10) and the lack of coping capacity (2.9 out of 10). A highly exposed but well-prepared country therefore gets a low overall score.
People Exposed Each Year
- 21,505to strong shaking (intensity VI and above)
- 1,136to destructive shaking (intensity VIII and above)
- 26to tsunamis
- 36,976to hurricane-force winds (category 1 and above)
- 1,326,742to river floods
- 21,092to coastal floods
Overall Risk Index Over Time
Hazard Levels
Hazard level assessed by ThinkHazard! (World Bank, GFDRR), meaning the likelihood of a damaging event, from very low to high.
- River FloodHigh
- Urban FloodHigh
- Coastal FloodHigh
- EarthquakeHigh
- LandslideHigh
- TsunamiHigh
- VolcanoHigh
- CycloneHigh
- Water ScarcityHigh
- WildfireHigh
- Extreme HeatMedium
Volcanoes (104)
Volcanoes active over the last 10,000 years; year of the last known eruption.
- Krasheninnikov 2026
- Sheveluch 2026
- Karymsky 2025
- Bezymianny 2025
- Klyuchevskoy 2025
- Ebeko 2024
- Chikurachki 2023
- Chirinkotan 2022
- Alaid 2022
- Sarychev Peak 2021
- Raikoke 2019
- Kambalny 2017
- Chirpoi 2016
- Zhupanovsky 2016
- Etorofu-Yakeyama [Grozny Group] 2013
- Kizimen 2013
- Tolbachik 2013
- Ekarma 2010
- Gorely 2010
- Koryaksky 2009
- Avachinsky 2001
- Mutnovsky 2000
- Akademia Nauk 1996
- Chachadake [Tiatia] 1981
- Kolokol Group 1973
- Ketoi 1960
- Zavaritzki Caldera 1957
- Rasshua 1957
- Tao-Rusyr Caldera 1952
- Maly Semyachik 1952
Major Earthquakes Since 1900
Earthquakes that caused deaths or significant damage, or of magnitude 7.5 and above (NOAA).
Deadliest
- 1952Kamchatka Peninsula · M 9.010,000 deaths
- 1995Sakhalin Is: Neftegorsk, Okha, Moskalvo · M 7.11,989 deaths
- 1970Dagestan · M 6.731 deaths
- 1918Kuril Islands · M 8.323 deaths
- 1923Near Kamchatka · M 7.218 deaths
- 2008Caucasus: Chechnya · M 5.713 deaths
Regions
Regions with volcanoes, major earthquakes, tsunamis, cyclones or famous faults.
Tsunamis
45 major tsunamis have reached Russia since 1900, killing 4,055 people in the country. The deadliest and highest are listed below.
- 1952Tsunami (Russia) · 23.0 m4,009 deaths
- 1918Tsunami (Russia) · 12.0 m23 deaths
- 1923Tsunami (Russia) · 20.0 m18 deaths
- 1993Tsunami (Japan) · 6.0 m3 deaths
- 1923Tsunami (Russia) · 8.0 m2 deaths
- 2018Tsunami (Russia) · 90.0 m
- 2025Tsunami (Russia) · 33.1 m
- 1996Tsunami (Russia) · 30.0 m
Tropical Cyclones
64 major tropical cyclones have made landfall in Russia since 1950. The deadliest and most powerful are listed below.
- 1958Typhoon Alice · 83 km/h26 deaths
- 1986Typhoon Abby · 0 km/h13 deaths
- 1956Typhoon Emma · 130 km/h
- 1961Typhoon Nancy · 117 km/h
- 1979Typhoon Tip · 93 km/h
- 1954Typhoon June · 93 km/h
- 1966Hurricane Faith · 93 km/h
- 1951Hurricane How · 93 km/h
- 1953Typhoon Tess · 83 km/h
- 1959Typhoon Georgia · 74 km/h
Sources : Natural Earth · Wikidata · INFORM Risk Index (1 September 2026 v 0.7.3), Commission européenne, CC BY 4.0 · NOAA NCEI · ThinkHazard!, GFDRR, CC BY · Bird (2003), PB2002 · Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institution