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Country
Map of Turkey
Asia · Ankara
Turkey spans the Eurasian, Anatolian, Aegean Sea and Arabian plates. It has 7 volcanoes active over the last 10,000 years, 0 of which have erupted since 1900. Since 1900, 180 major earthquakes have been recorded, causing at least 148,102 deaths. Its natural and humanitarian risk index (INFORM) is 5.2 out of 10, a medium level.
- Capital
- Ankara
- Population
- 85,372,377
- Area
- 783,562 km²
- Continent
- Asia
Tectonic Plates
Natural Hazards
INFORM index by the European Commission, from 0 (very low) to 10 (very high), for each type of hazard.
People Exposed Each Year
- 174,865to strong shaking (intensity VI and above)
- 73,252to destructive shaking (intensity VIII and above)
- 50to tsunamis
- 167,393to river floods
- 10,083to coastal floods
Risk Index Over Time
Hazard Levels
Hazard level assessed by ThinkHazard! (World Bank, GFDRR), meaning the likelihood of a damaging event, from very low to high.
- River FloodHigh
- Urban FloodHigh
- Coastal FloodHigh
- EarthquakeHigh
- LandslideHigh
- VolcanoHigh
- Water ScarcityHigh
- Extreme HeatHigh
- WildfireHigh
- TsunamiMedium
Volcanoes (7)
Volcanoes active over the last 10,000 years; year of the last known eruption.
- Tenduruk Dagi 1855
- Mount Ararat 1840
- Nemrut Dagi 1650
- Erciyes Volcanic Complex 6,880 BCE
- Kula volcano ?
- Hasandag-Keciboyduran Volcanic Complex ?
- Karaca Dağ ?
Major Earthquakes Since 1900
Earthquakes that caused deaths or significant damage, or of magnitude 7.5 and above (NOAA).
Deadliest
- 2023Kahramanmaras, Syria · M 7.856,697 deaths
- 1939Erzincan · M 7.832,700 deaths
- 1999Istanbul, Kocaeli, Sakarya · M 7.617,118 deaths
- 1976Muradiye · M 7.05,000 deaths
- 1943Ladik, Samsun, Havza · M 7.54,020 deaths
- 1914Burdur, Kilinc, Keciborlu · M 7.04,000 deaths
Tsunamis
14 major tsunamis have reached Turkey since 1900, killing 5 people in the country. The deadliest and highest are listed below.
- 1999Tsunami (Turkey) · 2.5 m5 deaths
- 2020Tsunami (Turkey) · 5.3 m
- 1968Tsunami (Turkey) · 3.0 m
- 1912Tsunami (Turkey) · 2.7 m
- 1956Tsunami (Greece) · 2.1 m
- 2017Tsunami (Turkey) · 1.9 m
- 1963Tsunami (Turkey) · 1.0 m
- 1939Tsunami (Turkey) · 0.5 m
Sources : Natural Earth · Wikidata · INFORM Risk Index (1 September 2026 v 0.7.3), Commission européenne, CC BY 4.0 · NOAA NCEI · ThinkHazard!, GFDRR, CC BY · Bird (2003), PB2002 · Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institution